With beginning of human history sea trade started and pirates were there to prey on sea traders. During classical Greek and Roman era it came to warlike clashes between states and pirates. Caesar cleared the Mediterranean of pirates and Rome pursued undisturbed state piracy. It was called peace.
In the end its easy booty which leads to piracy. Off course there are different motives: The freedom fighter of one country is called pirate by some other countries.
Around 1500 the Pope of Rome let only Spain and Portugal trade and conquer the world oceans. The beginning sea powers like England, France, and the Netherlands had no other choice than to start worldwide sea trade as pirates in 16th Century.
Before the Anglo-Saxons settled in England in 5th Century AD, the Saxons were notorious pirates in North Sea and Baltic Sea. In 8th Century the Vikings terrorized north Europe. They settled, colonized and conquered. The trade of the Hanseatic League was at disrupted by Baltic Sea pirates. Klaus Stoertebecker is hero of many pirate stories.
The islands of the Caribbean changed periodically hands: Spane, France, England, the Netherlands. Yes, Sweden and Denmark took part as well. There was always declared or undeclared war between those countries. Quite often plantation owners in the West Indies would hire pirates to protect them from other countries.
Worthwile prey, no problem with crewing, and safe area to operate in, was offered in the Caribbean. The American war of independence caused piracy. Fighting for independence here was piracy there. Admiral Nelson fought piracy from Antigua, not being popular with the English plantation owners because he spoiled the smuggling with the becoming USA.
Like the Mediterranean was free of pirates during Roman era, the world oceans were safe of pirates when England ruled the waves. And it did trade and peace a lot of good!
The West of Scotland was notorious for piracy well into 18th Century. Follow on board M/V FYNE SPIRIT the courses of those Clan pirates, it pays! The sea, islands, whales, sea-birds, sun and clouds, it makes you so much reacher!